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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-0202</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-0202</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48314/ijrceai.v1i1.18</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Shear strength, RC beams, Retrofitted FRP composites, Artificial neural network, Nonlinear behavior, RCstructures,Fiber-reinforced polymers</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Enhancing Shear Strength in Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: An Artificial Neural Network Approach</article-title><subtitle>Enhancing Shear Strength in Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: An Artificial Neural Network Approach</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>James</surname>
		<given-names>Simon </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Thiagi</surname>
		<given-names>Tiana T </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, Petaling Jaya, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2024 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Enhancing Shear Strength in Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: An Artificial Neural Network Approach</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) have attracted much attention as a promising solution for preserving existing Reinforced Concrete(RC)  buildings.  Structures  could  be  maintained  by  reinforcing,  repairing,  or  retrofitting  to  address  seismic inadequacies.  For RCbeams,  shear  failure  is  identified  as  the  most  catastrophic  failure  mode  due  to  the  lack  of  failure warning. However, there is not enough information on the shear behavior of these retrofitted beams, especially regarding the  ideal  design  and  placement  of the  FRP  composites.  This  study  aims  to  examine  the  shear  strength  of  RC  beams retrofitted with FRP composites and identifies the most efficient design and deployment procedures for these composites. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm enhances the precision and efficiency of forecasting  the shear strength, increases the solidity and durability of RCstructures, and reduces the need for expensive repairs or replacements. Three RC beams were examined experimentally under combined torsion and shear. ANN values of RMSE = 0.466, R2= 0.856, and r = 0.945 indicate a satisfactory correlation between experimental and numerical values and the AI model's reliability. The results of each training set are near 1 when considering the R2values, regardless of torsion or shear exposure of the retrofitted T-beams. The test set R2values of A1, A2, and AB under torsion and shear demonstrate correct ANN performance. Fiber reinforcement and the volumetric ratio of the FRP materials determine the final structural strength of RC beams enhanced with FRP. Higher torsional reinforced beams have a larger torsional capacity, final angle of twist, and enhanced post-cracking rigidity for a given twist angle.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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