This study aims to investigate the barriers to blockchain adoption in construction supply chain management using a fuzzy-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach. In terms of its objective, the study is applied research; in terms of its research design, it is descriptive-survey research; and in terms of data analysis, it adopts a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach. The study population for identifying the barriers consisted of experts in the construction industry, selected based on criteria including professional expertise in construction, familiarity with blockchain technology, and relevant scientific and research publications. Data were collected using a questionnaire, whose validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), while its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The findings indicate that technical and infrastructural challenges, with a weight of 0.289, ranked first, followed by organizational and human resource challenges with a weight of 0.288, economic and financial challenges with a weight of 0.249, and legal, security, and governance challenges with a weight of 0.175. At the individual barrier level, lack of standardization ranked first (0.175), followed by scalability problems (0.174), insufficient Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure (0.148), lack of employee knowledge and training (0.118), resistance to change and technology adoption (0.084), low or absence of transaction fees (0.078), use in the underground economy (0.067), and contractual risks (0.063). The results highlight the importance of addressing technological, organizational, economic, and institutional barriers to facilitate successful blockchain adoption in construction supply chain management.