Optimizing Compressive Strength and Durability of Foamed Concrete with Fine Lightweight Aggregate and Fly Ash Incorporation
Keywords:
Compressive strength, Lightweight foamed concrete, Slump test, ELM, SVMAbstract
Foamed Concrete (FC) is a kind of lightweight concrete distinguished by including a stable prepared foam in the mix fraction, resulting in a network of air gaps forming inside the material. Its physical and mechanical qualities are heavily impacted by its microstructural characteristics, which are connected to many factors such as the volume of foam, the presence of mineral or chemical additions, mixing process features, and so on. This study aimed to test the impact of the addition of fine LWA and the partial substitution of cement with Fly Ash (FA) on the qualities of hardened FC, specifically the compressive strength of LWA FC, as well as its durability. Ordinary Portland cement CEM I 52.5R and FA class F (25 wt%) are used to replace the cement. The water-to-binder ratio (w/b) for all mixtures is set at 0.40, while the paste foam proportion is set at 1:2. Lightcrete 400, a foaming agent manufactured by Sika Germany, is utilized to make the foam. To achieve a concrete slump flow diameter greater than 500 mm, a custom-made polycarboxylate superplasticizer is used without a de-foaming agent compatible with the foaming agent. As a hybridized model, an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to improve the precision of experimental testing and data. Using the regression indices RMSE, R2, r, and MAE, the experimental findings demonstrated that, for a given bulk density, the integration of fine lightweight aggregate has a considerable effect on the development of compressive strength based on the features of the lightweight aggregate. Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity of FC is largely determined by its dry density and aggregate composition. Also, the use of fine LWA greatly minimizes the drying contraction of FC.
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